{"id":55,"date":"2025-06-19T08:43:58","date_gmt":"2025-06-19T05:43:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sentisaudade.com\/?p=55"},"modified":"2025-06-19T08:44:36","modified_gmt":"2025-06-19T05:44:36","slug":"parkin-ozgurlugu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sentisaudade.com\/?p=55","title":{"rendered":"Park\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong><em>\u201cBir toplumda e\u011fer \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc benimsiyor ve umursuyorsa, orada kanunlar yasaklasa bile ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc var olur.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda George Orwell&#8217;\u0131n bas\u0131n ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczerine The Tribune Gazetesine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 &#8221; <em>Freedom of the Park<\/em>&#8221; adl\u0131 makalenin \u00e7evirisidir. (Kaynak: Essays, Journalism &amp; Letters Orwell, <em>In Front Of Nose <\/em>1945- 1950)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Bundan birka\u00e7 hafta \u00f6nce Hyde Park\u2019ta baz\u0131 yay\u0131nlar\u0131 satan be\u015f ki\u015fi, ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 engelledikleri gerek\u00e7esiyle&nbsp; polis taraf\u0131ndan tutukland\u0131. Mahkemeye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131nda, bu ki\u015filerin d\u00f6rt tanesi 6 ay hapis cezas\u0131 ald\u0131 ve tutukland\u0131, di\u011feri ise 40 \u015filin para cezas\u0131 veya 1 ay hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7mek zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. San\u0131yorum o biri de mahkumiyeti tercih etmi\u015ftir ve \u015fu an hapistedir. Bu insanlar\u0131n satt\u0131klar\u0131 yay\u0131nlar\u0131n; Peace News, Forward and Freedom&nbsp; ve benzeri adlar\u0131 vard\u0131.&nbsp; Peace News\u2019in Anar\u015fistlere ait bir yay\u0131n oldu\u011funu biliyorum. Forward hakk\u0131nda bir fikrim olmasa da hemen hepsinin sol kanata ait yay\u0131nlar oldu\u011fu belli. Bu be\u015f ki\u015fiye hapis cezas\u0131 veren hakim, karar\u0131nda s\u00f6z konusu yay\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011finin etkili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu cezalar\u0131n sadece yolu kapatt\u0131klar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle teknik nedenlerden dolay\u0131 verildi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Ancak bu kararda birka\u00e7 \u00f6nemli noktaya dikkat \u00e7ekmek isterim. \u00d6ncelikle yasa bu konuda ne diyor? Anlayabildi\u011fim kadar\u0131yla teknik olarak bir park giri\u015fini kapatmak ya da yollu engellemek bir su\u00e7 olu\u015ftursa da tutuklama ancak polis bu konuda ki\u015fileri uyard\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde yolun a\u00e7\u0131lmamas\u0131 halinde s\u00f6z konusu olabiliyor. Yasaya bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, polisin can\u0131 istedi\u011finde sokakta ak\u015fam haberlerini satan bir gazete sat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tutuklamas\u0131 hukuken m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ama tabii \u00e7o\u011funlukla b\u00f6yle olmuyor, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu tamamen polisin karar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 bir durum. Peki, hangi nedenler polisin bir adam\u0131 tutuklay\u0131p di\u011ferini g\u00f6rmezden gelme karar\u0131n\u0131 belirler? A\u00e7\u0131kcas\u0131, hakimin tavr\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, bu olayda polisin karar\u0131nda siyasal g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin etkisinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inanmakta zorlan\u0131yorum. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, sadece o gazeteleri satan ki\u015filerin polis taraf\u0131ndan tutuklanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 bana gere\u011finden fazla rastlant\u0131sal geldi. E\u011fer polis, ayn\u0131 yerde Truth, veya the Tablet, veya&nbsp; the Spectator ve hatta the Church Times gazetelerini satan birilerini de tutuklam\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131 belki biraz daha inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 gelebilirdi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u0130ngiliz polisi, jandarma ya da Gestapo de\u011fil, onlar kadar k\u00f6t\u00fc olamaz<\/em> a<em>ncak ge\u00e7mi\u015fte sol kanat eylemlerine kar\u015f\u0131 hi\u00e7 de dost\u00e7a davranmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylersem haks\u0131zl\u0131k etmi\u015f olmam. Polisler genellikle \u00f6zel m\u00fclk\u00fcn korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir siyasi e\u011filim sergiliyorlar ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fte<\/em> <em>baz\u0131 mitinglerde siyah ti\u015f\u00f6rtl\u00fclerle \u2018g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flamak\u2019 gerek\u00e7esiyle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmak gibi skandallara kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 biliniyor. Tabii, bu i\u015fbirli\u011fine sosyalistlerle ve kom\u00fcnistlerle gittikleri hen\u00fcz g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f de\u011fil. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc polis i\u00e7in bug\u00fcne dek \u201ck\u0131z\u0131l\u201d ve \u201cyasad\u0131\u015f\u0131\u201d neredeyse e\u015fanlaml\u0131 iki kavramd\u0131. Bu nedenle, polis taraf\u0131ndan rahats\u0131z edilen gazete sat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 asla the Daily Telegraph\u2019tan olmad\u0131, her zaman The Daily Worker\u2019dan oldu. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131, \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi iktidara geldi\u011finde de ayn\u0131 olacak gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Bu konuda \u00e7ok az \u015fey duydu\u011fum ve bilmek istedi\u011fim \u015fu; bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi oldu\u011fu zaman &nbsp;idari personelde ne t\u00fcr bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2026\u00d6rne\u011fin &nbsp;Sosyalizm kavram\u0131n\u0131 hukuksuzlukla, yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmakla &nbsp;e\u015fanlaml\u0131 kabul eden bir polis memuru Sosyalist <\/em>P<em>arti iktidara geldi\u011fi zaman g\u00f6revine devam eder mi? Bu soru <\/em>&#8220;<em>bir devlet memuru devletine en iyi \u015feklide ve inan\u00e7la hizmet edebilmek i\u00e7in politik e\u011filimlerinin kurban\u0131 olmamal\u0131d\u0131r&#8221; prensibini akla getirse de<\/em> <em>pratikte uygulanm\u0131yor. Halen hi\u00e7bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet kilit noktalarda \u201cd\u00fc\u015fman\u201d olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc politik e\u011filime sahip memurlar\u0131 g\u00f6revlendirmiyor ya da tercih etmiyor. Bu nedenden dolay\u0131 muhafazakarlar y\u00f6netime geldiklerinde baz\u0131 kilit pozisyonlar\u0131n herhangi bir sabotaja kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zenle korumas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/em>n\u00fc <em>savunuyor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"275\" height=\"183\" data-id=\"59\" src=\"https:\/\/sentisaudade.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/images.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-59\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Ger\u00e7ekten merak ediyorum&nbsp; \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi iktidara geldi\u011fi zaman Scothland Yard \u00d6zel \u015eube\u2019ye ne olacak? Ya da Askeri \u0130stihbarata veya konsoloslara? Personelde nas\u0131l bir de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe gidilecek? \u0130\u015fin ger\u00e7e\u011fi bizlere pek duyurulmasa da g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015fu ki herhangi bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finde \u00e7ok da geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 bir personel de\u011fi\u015fikli<\/em>\u011fine<em> gidilmiyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin; y\u0131llard\u0131r ayn\u0131 konsoloslar g\u00f6rev ba\u015f\u0131nda ya da BBC nin sans\u00fcr kurulunu olu\u015fturan ki\u015filer hep ayn\u0131 siyasi e\u011filimin rengini ta\u015f\u0131yor ama sorulsa BBC \u015f\u00fcphesiz \u201cBizler politik a\u00e7\u0131dan tarafs\u0131z ve tamamen siyasetten ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z\u0131z\u201d diyecektir.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6te yandan bu yaz\u0131m\u0131n as\u0131l konusu Hyde Park&#8217;ta gazete sat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na m\u00fcdahale edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<em> Gazete ve bro\u015f\u00fcrlerin i\u00e7eriklerinin ya da da\u011f\u0131tanlar\u0131n Pasifistler, Anar\u015fistler, Kom\u00fcnistler, Yehova \u015eahitleri, Hitler\u2019i \u0130sa Mesih olarak g\u00f6renler \u2026 &nbsp;ya da ba\u015fka bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe sahip olmalar\u0131 \u00f6nemsiz ve ikincil bir durumdur. Bu olayda as\u0131l \u00f6nemli nokta, gazete satan be\u015f ki\u015finin tutuklanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Hyde Park\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7inde bas\u0131l\u0131 yay\u0131n satmaya izin verilmese de y\u0131llard\u0131r park kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde gazete sat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n durmas\u0131 ya da 100 metre ilerideki a\u00e7\u0131k hava toplant\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulunmalar\u0131 normal kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r. O alanda y\u0131llard\u0131r her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yay\u0131n m\u00fcdahale edilmeksizin sat\u0131l\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok defa orada Hint Milliyet\u00e7ilerini, Tro\u00e7kistleri, Katolikleri, \u00d6zg\u00fcr <\/em>D<em>\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrleri, Vejetaryanlar\u0131, Mormonlar\u0131 ve daha say\u0131s\u0131z farkl\u0131 grubu dinledim. Ayr\u0131ca her defas\u0131nda onlar\u0131 dinleyen kalabal\u0131ktan olumlu y\u00f6nde geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fler duydum. Hyde Park, yasal ya da yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc y\u00fcr\u00fcrken duyabilece\u011finiz \u00e7ok \u00f6zel bir aland\u0131r. \u015eu an d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7ok az \u00fclkesinde b\u00f6yle \u00f6zg\u00fcr alanlara rastlayabilirsiniz. Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131 iyi bilir<\/em>i<em>m, Hitler\u2019in g\u00fcc\u00fc eline ge\u00e7irmesinden \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemler de dahil. Bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkenin vatanda\u015f\u0131 Hintli ve \u0130rlandal\u0131 Milliyet\u00e7ilerin Hyde Park\u2019\u0131n ortas\u0131nda Britanya \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nu k\u0131yas\u0131ya ele\u015ftirmelerini duysalard\u0131, afallarlard\u0131. &nbsp;Yine de bu \u00fclkede bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn derecesi biraz abart\u0131l\u0131yor. &nbsp;Teknik olarak devasa bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck olsa da medyan\u0131n birka\u00e7 grubun g\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fcne girmi\u015f olmas\u0131 (B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya Sosyalist Partisi ve \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi ile ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 olmayan baz\u0131 Marksist Organizasyonlar gibi) devlet sans\u00fcr\u00fc ile bir nevi ayn\u0131 kap\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u00d6te yandan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc halen var ve ger\u00e7ek. Hyde Park\u2019ta veya halka a\u00e7\u0131k di\u011fer alanlarda her \u015feyi s\u00f6yleyebilirsiniz. En \u00f6nemlisi de hi\u00e7 kimse sizi ger\u00e7ek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinizi dile getirdi\u011finiz i\u00e7in bir pub i\u00e7inde, bir otob\u00fcste ya da herhangi ba\u015fka bir yerde korkutamaz. &nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>SS<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cBir toplumda e\u011fer \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc benimsiyor ve umursuyorsa, orada kanunlar yasaklasa bile ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc var olur.\u201d 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda George Orwell&#8217;\u0131n bas\u0131n ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczerine The Tribune Gazetesine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 &#8221; Freedom of the Park&#8221; adl\u0131 makalenin \u00e7evirisidir. (Kaynak: Essays, Journalism &amp; Letters Orwell, In Front Of Nose 1945- 1950) Bundan birka\u00e7 hafta [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-denemeler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sentisaudade.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sentisaudade.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sentisaudade.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sentisaudade.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sentisaudade.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=55"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/sentisaudade.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":61,"href":"https:\/\/sentisaudade.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55\/revisions\/61"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sentisaudade.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=55"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sentisaudade.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=55"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sentisaudade.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=55"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}