Bilimle din aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015f biraz garip bir sava\u015f olmu\u015ftur. Her zaman, her yerde -on sekizinci y\u00fczy\u0131l sonu Fransa\u2019s\u0131, Sovyet Rusya bir yana- bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n dinsel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc desteklemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cBilim yetersizdir<\/em>\u201d \u2026 Bilimin de\u011ferler konusunda s\u00f6yleyebilece\u011fi hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yoktur, \u201csevmek nefret etmekten daha iyidir<\/em>\u201d ya da \u201ciyilik zorbal\u0131ktan daha \u00e7ok istenir<\/em>\u201d gibi \u00f6nermeleri tan\u0131tlayamaz. Bilim, isteklerimizi anlayabilmemiz i\u00e7in yollar g\u00f6sterir bize, ama bir iste\u011fin \u00f6b\u00fcr\u00fcnden \u00fcst\u00fcn oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dini desteklemek i\u00e7in, bilimin alan\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, \u00f6zel olarak \u201cesinlenim<\/em>\u201d diye belirlenebilen bir bilgi kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmeli miyiz? Tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 bir sorudur bu, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ger\u00e7eklerin kendilerine esinlenim yoluyla a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyenler, o ger\u00e7eklere, bizim duyular\u0131m\u0131zla alg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z nesnelere tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bir kesinlik tan\u0131rlar. Bir adam\u0131n teleskopla bizim hi\u00e7 g\u00f6rmemi\u015f oldu\u011fumuz \u015feyleri g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne inan\u0131r\u0131z; \u00f6tekiler de a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 ayn\u0131 durumda olduklar\u0131n\u0131, t\u0131pk\u0131 teleskoplu adam gibi tart\u0131\u015fma g\u00f6t\u00fcrmez haberler verdiklerini s\u00f6yleyerek, kendilerine neden inanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sorarlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bir bilim adam\u0131 bize bir deneyin sonucunu s\u00f6yledi\u011fi zaman, o deneyin nas\u0131l yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da s\u00f6yler; ba\u015fkalar\u0131 da ayn\u0131 deneyi yaparlar. \u2026 Bilim alg\u0131ya, \u00e7\u0131karsamaya dayan\u0131r; g\u00fcvenilir yan\u0131, herhangi bir g\u00f6zlemcinin de alg\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131nayabilmesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mistiklerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck dayana\u011f\u0131 birbirleriyle uyu\u015fmalar\u0131d\u0131r. \u2026 Mistikler ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 dile getirebilme yetileri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden b\u00fcy\u00fck ayr\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6sterirler, ama en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131lar\u0131n hepsi: (1) b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6l\u00fcnmelerin, ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fsel, \u00e7evrenin b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez tek bir b\u00fct\u00fcn oldu\u011funu; (2) k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bir kuruntu, herhangi bir par\u00e7an\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir varl\u0131k san\u0131lmas\u0131ndan do\u011fan bir kuruntu oldu\u011funu; zaman\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fsel, ger\u00e7e\u011fin sonras\u0131z, \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz anlam\u0131nda sonras\u0131z oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrerler. \u2026 Bu \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6nerme onlar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn etkinliklerini \u00f6zetleyen \u00f6rneklerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201d<\/em>A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a, bizim al\u0131c\u0131 bir kafam\u0131z olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu i\u015fler i\u00e7in gerekli al\u00e7akg\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fckten yoksun bulundu\u011fumuz ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclecektir. Mistisizmi temel alan felsefenin Parmenides\u2019ten Hegel\u2019e de\u011fin uzayan bir gelene\u011fi vard\u0131r. Parmenides: \u201cVarolan \u015fey, yarat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, yok olamaz<\/em>; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00fct\u00fcnd\u00fcr, de\u011fi\u015fmez, sonras\u0131zd\u0131r. Hi\u00e7bir zaman, ne ge\u00e7mi\u015ftedir ne de gelecekte; \u015fimdi vard\u0131r, b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle s\u00fcreklidir<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u0131ristiyanlar i\u00e7in, kamutanr\u0131c\u0131l\u0131ktan (pantheism) ka\u00e7ma konusu nda buna benzer bir g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck vard\u0131r: d\u00fcnya bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015ften ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011filse, Tanr\u0131 hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yaratmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, d\u00fcnya dedi\u011fimiz ger\u00e7ek Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r ancak; ama d\u00fcnya belli bir oranda ger\u00e7ekse, Tanr\u0131\u2019dan da ayr\u0131ysa, her \u015feyin bir b\u00fct\u00fcn oldu\u011fu yolundaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, mistisizmin bu temel \u00f6\u011fretisi, bizce \u00f6nemini yitirir, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde d\u00fcnyadaki k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerin de ger\u00e7ek olduklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek zorunda kal\u0131r\u0131z\u2026 Birmingham Piskoposunun s\u00f6yledi\u011fine g\u00f6re: \u201cKamutanr\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fcs\u00fc terslenmelidir bence, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc insan\u0131n, Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7ekse, insandaki k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck Tanr\u0131\u2019da da vard\u0131r demek.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Evrensel Ama\u00e7<\/strong> Kamutanr\u0131c\u0131 bi\u00e7imde, Tanr\u0131 evrenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda de\u011fildir, bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen evrenin ta kendisidir. Bundan dolay\u0131, bir yaratma eylemi var olamaz, yaln\u0131z, evrende yarat\u0131c\u0131 bir g\u00fc\u00e7 vard\u0131r, her \u015fey bu yarat\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn belirledi\u011fi bir d\u00fczen uyar\u0131nca geli\u015fir. \u201cA\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vurma\u201d bi\u00e7iminde, ama\u00e7 daha belirsizdir. Evrende hi\u00e7bir g\u00fc\u00e7 sonradan olacak \u015feyleri \u00f6nceden g\u00f6remez, ama evrenin i\u015fleyi\u015finde daha geli\u015fmi\u015f bi\u00e7imlerin var olmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak de\u011fi\u015fikliklere y\u00f6nelen s\u00fcrekli bir k\u00f6r itilim vard\u0131r, bundan dolay\u0131 sonu\u00e7, k\u00f6r bir anlamda da olsa, az \u00e7ok bellidir \u00f6nceden. \u201cTanr\u0131 yaln\u0131z bizim d\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda bir varl\u0131k de\u011fil, ki\u015filiklerin ki\u015fili\u011fi olarak hem i\u00e7imiz dedir hem de bizi d\u0131\u015ftan ku\u015fatand\u0131r<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Son bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce de, bize i\u00e7 rahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kazand\u0131racak bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncedir, tek ger\u00e7ek olan \u015fey Tanr\u0131\u2019d\u0131r, bundan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan sonuca g\u00f6re, yoksullar yoksulluklar\u0131na pek ald\u0131rmamal\u0131d\u0131rlar. \u201c Ge\u00e7ici anlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek olmayan g\u00f6lgeleri, \u00f6rne\u011fin hi\u00e7 de gerekli say\u0131lamayacak \u015fatafatl\u0131 bir ya\u015fam ard\u0131nda ko\u015fmak aptall\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/em> Yoksullar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek de\u011feri zenginlerinkinden \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olabilir.\u201d<\/em> Anla\u015f\u0131lan, \u201ctek sonras\u0131z ger\u00e7e\u011fin, Tanr\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekle ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ruhsal ve ki\u015fisel ger\u00e7ek oldu\u011funu<\/em>\u201d an\u0131msamak, a\u00e7l\u0131ktan k\u0131r\u0131lan kimselerin y\u00fcreklerine su serpecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zaman -b\u00fct\u00fcn kamutanr\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n inand\u0131klar\u0131 gibi- de\u011fi\u015fmez bir ger\u00e7ek de\u011filse, neden d\u00fcnya tarihinde en iyi \u015feyler \u00f6nceden de\u011fil sonradan ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yorlar? Bunun tersi bir d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fi de ayn\u0131 olmayacak m\u0131yd\u0131? Olaylara verilen tarihler bir kuruntudan-ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011filse, bu ancak Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bilece\u011fi bir i\u015fse, neden Tanr\u0131 ho\u015fa gidecek olaylar\u0131 sona, ho\u015fa gitmeyecekleri de ba\u015fa koymu\u015ftur?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dost ya da d\u00fc\u015fman, gizli bir insan d\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yolundaki inan\u00e7, uygar toplumlardan daha \u00e7ok ilkeller de b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ekte, din bu duygunun \u00f6zde\u015fi ise, insan geli\u015fmesindeki her ad\u0131m, dinde bir gerilemeyi gerektirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Diyorlar ki, evrim \u00fc\u00e7 basamaktan ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir: Madde, ya\u015fam, zihin. A\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vurma felsefesi gelece\u011fin \u00f6nceden kestirilemeyece\u011fini s\u00f6ylerken \u00e7ok hakl\u0131d\u0131r, ama bunu s\u00f6ylemekle gelece\u011fi kestirmeye yeltenmi\u015f oluyor. \u0130nsanlar \u201cTanr\u0131\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden vazge\u00e7emezlerse de bu s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bu g\u00fcne de\u011fin dile getirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu anlamdan kolayca vazge\u00e7ebilirler. A\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vurma \u00f6\u011fretisini benimseyen evrimciler Tanr\u0131n\u0131n evreni yaratmam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funa iyice inand\u0131klar\u0131ndan, evrenin Tanr\u0131\u2019y\u0131 yaratmakta oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemekle yetinirler. Ama b\u00f6yle bir Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, \u015fimdiye dek kendisine tap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan nesneyle, ad\u0131ndan ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir ortak yan\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u00d6l\u00fcml\u00fc varl\u0131klar\u0131n oldu\u011fu gibi, evrenlerin de sonu mezard\u0131r<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bertrand Russell Bilimle din aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015f biraz garip bir sava\u015f olmu\u015ftur. Her zaman, her yerde -on sekizinci y\u00fczy\u0131l sonu Fransa\u2019s\u0131, Sovyet Rusya bir yana- bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n dinsel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc desteklemi\u015flerdir. \u201cBilim yetersizdir\u201d \u2026 Bilimin de\u011ferler konusunda s\u00f6yleyebilece\u011fi hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yoktur, \u201csevmek nefret etmekten daha iyidir\u201d ya da \u201ciyilik zorbal\u0131ktan daha \u00e7ok istenir\u201d gibi \u00f6nermeleri tan\u0131tlayamaz. Bilim, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sentisaudade.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sentisaudade.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sentisaudade.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sentisaudade.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sentisaudade.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=130"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/sentisaudade.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":134,"href":"https:\/\/sentisaudade.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130\/revisions\/134"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sentisaudade.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=130"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sentisaudade.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=130"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sentisaudade.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=130"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Modern bilim adamlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda dille d\u00fc\u015fman ya da ilgisiz olmayanlar, daha \u00f6nceki k\u00f6r inan\u00e7lar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ortas\u0131nda ayakta kalabilece\u011fini umduklar\u0131 bir inanca d\u00f6rt elle sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015flar d\u0131r. Bu, Evrensel Ama\u00e7 inanc\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00f6\u011freti de\u011fi\u015fik bi\u00e7imlere sokulmu\u015ftur, ama hi\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fmeyen ortak yan\u0131, evrimin ahlak bak\u0131m\u0131ndan de\u011ferli bir amaca do\u011fru geli\u015fti\u011fi, bir bak\u0131ma b\u00fct\u00fcn evrim s\u00fcrecinin bir nedene ba\u011flana -\u201c\u2018 bilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesidir. \u00d6\u011fretinin \u00fc\u00e7 bi\u00e7imi vard\u0131r: birinciye tanr\u0131c\u0131 (theist), ikinciye kamutanr\u0131c\u0131 (pantheist), \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcye de \u201ca\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vurma\u201d (emergent) ad\u0131n\u0131 verebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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